Glossary

Roshal Archive: a proprietary archive format created by Eugene Roshal. It offers higher compression ratios than ZIP and supports solid archives, recovery records, and multi-volume archives.

Raw Image Format: minimally processed data from a digital camera's image sensor. Each camera manufacturer has proprietary RAW formats (CR2, NEF, ARW, etc.).

Role-Based Access Control: a method of restricting system access based on the roles of individual users within an organization. Permissions are assigned to roles rather than individuals, simplifying a...

Resource Description Framework: a W3C standard model for data interchange on the web using subject-predicate-object triples (Semantic Web).

Representational State Transfer API: an architectural style for building web services that uses HTTP methods to perform CRUD operations on resources identified by URIs. RESTful APIs are stateless, cac...

RealMedia Variable Bitrate: a RealNetworks video format using variable bitrate encoding. Was popular in Asia for video distribution but is now largely obsolete.

ROOT Data File: the file format for CERN's ROOT framework used in high-energy physics for storing event data, histograms, and analysis objects.

RPM Package Manager: the package management format for Red Hat-based Linux distributions (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL).

XML-based web feed formats for syndicating frequently updated content (blogs, news, podcasts). RSS and Atom are the two major feed standards.

Rich Text Format: a document file format developed by Microsoft for cross-platform document interchange. It supports text formatting, images, and basic layout.

Source code for Racket, a general-purpose, multi-paradigm language descended from Scheme. Designed for language-oriented programming and used in education.

Source code for Raku (formerly Perl 6), a multi-paradigm language with powerful grammars, concurrency, and type system features.

An open-source container management platform that simplifies deploying and managing multiple Kubernetes clusters. Rancher provides a unified management interface, multi-cluster operations, built-in mo...

A type of malware that encrypts a victim's files or locks their system, demanding a ransom payment (often in cryptocurrency) in exchange for the decryption key or restored access.

A markup syntax for embedding C# code into web pages in ASP.NET. Razor uses the @ symbol to transition from HTML to C# and powers Razor Pages and MVC views in .NET.

A JavaScript library for building user interfaces, developed by Meta (Facebook). React uses a component-based architecture, a virtual DOM for efficient rendering, and a declarative approach to UI deve...

An AI system that predicts user preferences and suggests relevant items such as products, content, or services. Recommendation systems use collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, or hybrid a...

A class of neural networks designed for sequential data where connections between nodes form directed cycles. RNNs maintain a hidden state that captures information from previous time steps, making th...

An open-source, in-memory data structure store used as a database, cache, message broker, and streaming engine. Redis supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, and sorted sets wit...

A set of techniques used to prevent overfitting by adding constraints or penalties to the model during training. Common methods include L1 (Lasso) and L2 (Ridge) regularization, dropout, early stoppin...