Glossary

Netpbm formats: simple, uncompressed image file formats (Portable Pixmap, Graymap, Bitmap) used as intermediate formats in image processing pipelines.

Microsoft PowerPoint Binary File Format: the legacy presentation format used by Microsoft PowerPoint prior to the introduction of PPTX.

Office Open XML Presentation: the default presentation format for Microsoft PowerPoint since 2007. It supports slides, animations, transitions, embedded media, and speaker notes.

Adobe Photoshop Document: the native file format for Adobe Photoshop, supporting layers, masks, transparency, color profiles, and non-destructive editing.

Personal Storage Table: a Microsoft Outlook data file storing copies of emails, calendar events, contacts, and tasks for backup and archiving.

Python Compiled Bytecode: a compiled version of Python source code executed by the Python virtual machine for faster loading.

A HashiCorp tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. Packer automates the creation of AMIs, Docker images, Vagrant boxes, and other image f...

A formatted unit of data carried across a network. Each packet contains a header (source and destination addresses, protocol information) and a payload (the actual data being transmitted). Networks br...

Apple Pages Document: the native word processing format for Apple's Pages application, part of the iWork suite. It is a ZIP-based package format.

A technique for dividing large sets of data or content into discrete pages, displaying a limited number of items at a time with navigation controls. Pagination improves performance and user experience...

A geometric modeling kernel by Siemens. Its exchange formats (.x_t text, .x_b binary) are widely used for CAD data interchange.

Apache Parquet: an open-source columnar storage format optimized for analytics workloads. It provides efficient compression and encoding for big data processing with Spark, Hive, and similar tools.

A procedural programming language designed by Niklaus Wirth in 1970 for teaching structured programming. Pascal influenced many later languages and remains used through its modern descendant Object Pa...

The process of identifying, acquiring, testing, and installing software updates (patches) to fix security vulnerabilities and bugs. Effective patch management is critical for reducing the attack surfa...

A text file containing differences between two versions of a file or set of files. Used to distribute code changes and fixes via email or issue trackers.

An authorized simulated cyberattack on a computer system, performed to evaluate the security of the system. Penetration testers use the same tools, techniques, and processes as attackers to find and d...

A high-level, general-purpose programming language known for its powerful text processing capabilities and regular expression support. Perl is used for system administration, web development, and bioi...

A social engineering attack where an attacker disguises themselves as a trustworthy entity to trick victims into revealing sensitive information such as login credentials, credit card numbers, or pers...

Python's native serialization format for converting objects to byte streams. Used to save ML models, data structures, and intermediate computation results.

A Python dependency specification file for Pipenv, separating development and production dependencies with deterministic builds via Pipfile.lock.