Glossary

A configuration language by Apple that is programmable, scalable, and safe. It generates JSON, YAML, and other output formats with type-safe validation.

The dependency specification file for CocoaPods, the dependency manager for iOS and macOS Swift/Objective-C projects.

A daemonless, open-source container engine developed by Red Hat as an alternative to Docker. Podman runs containers without a central daemon process, supports rootless containers for improved security...

A piece of code that provides functionality that is not natively supported by older browsers or environments. Polyfills enable developers to use modern JavaScript features and Web APIs while maintaini...

A tool for transforming CSS with JavaScript plugins, enabling features like autoprefixing, future CSS syntax, and linting. Used by Tailwind CSS and many modern build pipelines.

Configuration file for PostCSS, a tool for transforming CSS with JavaScript plugins (autoprefixer, cssnano, Tailwind CSS).

A page description language developed by Adobe for professional printing and typesetting. PostScript is the predecessor to PDF and is still used in high-end print workflows.

A powerful, open-source object-relational database system with over 35 years of active development. PostgreSQL is known for its robustness, extensibility, ACID compliance, and support for advanced dat...

A script file for PowerShell, Microsoft's task automation and configuration management framework. It combines command-line shell and scripting language.

The initial phase of training a foundation model on a large, general-purpose dataset to learn broad representations of language, vision, or other data types. Pre-training captures general knowledge th...

Configuration file for Prettier, an opinionated code formatter supporting JavaScript, TypeScript, CSS, HTML, JSON, YAML, Markdown, and more.

A column or set of columns in a database table that uniquely identifies each row. Primary keys enforce entity integrity by ensuring that no two rows have the same key value and that the key value is n...

A technique used by attackers to gain higher-level access permissions than initially granted. Vertical escalation involves gaining admin or root access, while horizontal escalation involves accessing...

Apple ProRes: a family of high-quality, lossy video compression codecs designed for professional video editing and post-production workflows.

A configuration file declaring the process types and commands for an application, used by Heroku and Foreman for process management.

A web application that uses modern web technologies to deliver app-like experiences to users. PWAs can work offline, send push notifications, and be installed on home screens, bridging the gap between...

A logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Prolog programs are defined as a set of relations and rules, and the language excels at pattern matc...

An open-source systems monitoring and alerting toolkit designed for reliability and scalability. Prometheus collects metrics via a pull model, stores them in a time-series database, and provides a pow...

YAML configuration for Prometheus, the open-source monitoring and alerting system. Defines scrape targets, alerting rules, and recording rules.

The practice of crafting and optimizing input prompts to guide AI language models toward desired outputs. Prompt engineering involves techniques like few-shot learning, chain-of-thought reasoning, and...