Glossary

A programmable configuration language that is not Turing-complete, guaranteeing that configuration generation always terminates.

A class of generative models that learn to create data by reversing a gradual noising process. Diffusion models progressively add noise to data during training and learn to denoise it during generatio...

An electronic document issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that binds a public key to an identity (person, organization, or server). Digital certificates are fundamental to HTTPS, enabling browsers...

Techniques that reduce the number of input features in a dataset while preserving as much relevant information as possible. Methods like PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP help visualize high-dimensional data, redu...

A video codec known for compressing long video into small files while maintaining quality. Popular in the early 2000s for video sharing.

A file format designed for scanned documents, combining image, text, and drawing layers. It achieves much higher compression than PDF for scanned content.

An open-source platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in lightweight, portable containers. Docker packages an application and its dependencies into a standardized unit called a co...

A YAML file defining multi-container Docker applications with services, networks, and volumes for orchestrating development and deployment environments.

A text file containing instructions for building Docker container images. It defines the base image, dependencies, configuration, and commands to create reproducible application environments.

A regularization technique in neural networks where randomly selected neurons are temporarily removed during training. Dropout prevents co-adaptation of neurons and reduces overfitting by forcing the...

Dynamic Library: the macOS equivalent of SO/DLL. A shared library loaded at runtime by the dynamic linker (dyld).

A fully managed NoSQL key-value and document database service by AWS that provides single-digit millisecond performance at any scale. DynamoDB offers automatic scaling, built-in security, backup and r...

An ASTM standard for storing 3D point cloud data from laser scanners. It supports structured and unstructured point clouds with images and metadata.

Embedded JavaScript Templates: a simple templating language that uses plain JavaScript embedded in HTML markup. Commonly used in Node.js and Express applications.

Executable and Linkable Format: the standard binary file format for executables, shared libraries, and object files on Unix/Linux systems.

A popular open-source log management stack consisting of Elasticsearch (search and analytics), Logstash (log ingestion and transformation), and Kibana (visualization and dashboards). The ELK Stack is...

Enhanced Metafile: the 32-bit successor to WMF with improved features for vector and raster graphics on Windows platforms.

Email Message: a standard format for individual email messages based on RFC 5322, preserving headers, body, and attachments in MIME format.

Apple Mail Message: the email storage format used by Apple's Mail application, storing one message per file with metadata.

Environment File: a plain text file containing key-value pairs for environment variables. Used by frameworks like Laravel, Node.js, and Ruby on Rails to manage configuration and secrets.