Glossary

The maximum amount of text (measured in tokens) that a language model can process in a single input-output cycle. The context window determines how much prior conversation or document content the mode...

A class of deep neural networks most commonly applied to visual imagery analysis. CNNs use convolutional layers that apply learnable filters to detect features like edges, textures, and shapes, buildi...

A small piece of data stored on the user's browser by a website. Cookies are used for session management, user preferences, tracking, and authentication. They are sent with every HTTP request to the o...

An open-source NoSQL document database that uses JSON to store data, JavaScript for queries, and HTTP for its API. CouchDB is designed for reliable, eventual consistency replication between databases,...

An automated attack in which stolen username-password pairs from one data breach are systematically tested against other websites and services. This exploits the common practice of password reuse acro...

The native file formats of PTC Creo (formerly Pro/ENGINEER), a parametric CAD/CAM/CAE software. .prt stores parts; .asm stores assemblies. Widely used in product design and manufacturing engineering.

A statistical technique for evaluating machine learning models by partitioning data into subsets, training on some subsets and validating on others. K-fold cross-validation rotates the validation set...

An open-source Kubernetes extension that enables teams to manage cloud infrastructure using Kubernetes-native APIs. Crossplane turns a Kubernetes cluster into a universal control plane, allowing users...

The science of securing information by transforming it into an unreadable format using mathematical algorithms. Cryptography encompasses encryption, decryption, digital signatures, hash functions, and...

Source code for Crystal, a compiled language with Ruby-inspired syntax, static typing, and C-level performance via LLVM.

An individual, group, or organization that conducts or intends to conduct malicious activities in cyberspace. Threat actors range from script kiddies and hacktivists to organized cybercriminals, natio...

Source code for the D programming language, a systems language designed as a more practical alternative to C++ with garbage collection and powerful metaprogramming.

COLLAborative Design Activity: an XML-based open standard for exchanging digital assets between graphics applications. Managed by the Khronos Group.

dBASE File: a database file format originally from dBASE, later adopted by FoxPro and Clipper. Also used as the attribute table format in Shapefiles.

Distributed Denial of Service: an attack that overwhelms a target server, service, or network by flooding it with massive amounts of traffic from multiple distributed sources, rendering it unavailable...

Debian Package: the software package format for Debian-based Linux distributions (Ubuntu, Mint, etc.).

Digital Elevation Model: a raster representation of terrain elevation data. Used in terrain analysis, hydrology, and 3D terrain visualization.

DSD Interchange File Format: an alternative container for DSD audio data, used alongside DSF for high-resolution audio distribution.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: a network management protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and other network parameters to devices on a network, eliminating th...

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine: the international standard for medical images (CT, MRI, X-ray, ultrasound) including patient metadata.