Glossary

A development feature that allows modules to be updated in a running application without a full page reload. HMR preserves application state during development, providing instant feedback when editing...

The native file format of SideFX Houdini, a procedural 3D animation and VFX software. Known for its node-based procedural workflow, Houdini is the industry standard for complex simulations (fluids, pa...

A configuration variable set before the training process that controls the learning behavior, such as learning rate, batch size, number of epochs, and network architecture. Unlike model parameters, hy...

Internet Control Message Protocol: a network protocol used by network devices to send error messages and operational information. ICMP is the protocol behind diagnostic tools like ping and traceroute,...

Icon file format used in Microsoft Windows for storing small images used as icons for files, folders, and applications. Also used as favicons on websites.

iCalendar: a standard file format (RFC 5545) for exchanging calendar and scheduling information across calendar applications.

Intrusion Detection System / Intrusion Prevention System: network security technologies that monitor traffic for suspicious activity. An IDS detects and alerts on potential threats, while an IPS activ...

Industry Foundation Classes: an open standard for Building Information Modeling (BIM) data exchange between architecture, engineering, and construction software.

Initial Graphics Exchange Specification: a vendor-neutral file format for the digital exchange of CAD models between different CAD systems.

Internet Message Access Protocol: a protocol for retrieving email messages from a mail server that keeps messages stored on the server. Unlike POP3, IMAP allows users to access their email from multip...

Raw Disk Image: a sector-by-sector binary copy of a storage device. Used for SD card images (Raspberry Pi) and forensic copies.

Adobe InDesign Document: the native file format for Adobe InDesign, the industry-standard desktop publishing application for print and digital layout.

Initialization File: a simple text-based configuration file format using sections and key-value pairs. Commonly used in Windows applications, PHP (php.ini), and MySQL (my.ini).

iOS App Store Package: the file format for distributing applications on Apple's iOS platform.

Internet Protocol version 4: the fourth version of the Internet Protocol, using 32-bit addresses that allow approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses. IPv4 remains the most widely deployed internet p...

Internet Protocol version 6: the most recent version of the Internet Protocol, using 128-bit addresses that provide a virtually unlimited number of unique addresses. IPv6 was designed to replace IPv4...

An archive file containing an identical copy of data from an optical disc (CD/DVD/Blu-ray). Commonly used for distributing operating system installation media.

Impulse Tracker Module: a tracker music format with advanced features including NNA (New Note Action), filters, and 64 channels.

An approach where infrastructure components are never modified after deployment. Instead of patching or updating servers in-place, new instances are built from a base image with the desired configurat...

The organized approach to addressing and managing the aftermath of a security breach or cyberattack. An incident response plan includes preparation, identification, containment, eradication, recovery,...