Glossary

A line-based, plain text format for encoding RDF triples. Simpler than Turtle but more verbose, designed for streaming and easy parsing.

Network Address Translation: a method of mapping multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address. NAT is used in routers to allow multiple devices on a local network to share a single inte...

Network Database: a general term for network-model database files. Also refers to MySQL NDB Cluster data storage files.

Nikon Electronic Format: Nikon's proprietary RAW image format containing unprocessed sensor data with full metadata.

Info File: a plain text file containing information or metadata about associated files.

Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative: a file format for neuroimaging data (fMRI, structural MRI). Standard in brain imaging research.

Node Package Manager: the default package manager for Node.js that hosts the world's largest software registry. NPM is used to install, share, and manage JavaScript packages and their dependencies thr...

The manifest file for Node.js projects, defining dependencies, scripts, metadata, and configuration for the npm/yarn/pnpm package managers.

Nero Burning ROM Image: a proprietary disc image format created by Nero AG for CD/DVD burning software.

NES Sound Format: a file format for music from Nintendo Entertainment System games, containing the game's sound program code.

Network Time Protocol: a protocol for synchronizing clocks of computer systems over packet-switched networks. NTP can achieve millisecond-level accuracy and is essential for logging, authentication, a...

An NLP task that identifies and classifies named entities in text into predefined categories such as person names, organizations, locations, dates, and quantities. NER is essential for information ext...

A subfield of AI focused on the interaction between computers and human language. NLP enables machines to read, understand, interpret, and generate human language, powering applications like chatbots,...

The most popular open-source graph database that stores data as nodes and relationships rather than tables or documents. Neo4j uses the Cypher query language and excels at traversing connected data fo...

Network Common Data Form: a self-describing, machine-independent format for array-oriented scientific data. Standard in climate, oceanography, and atmospheric science.

The practice of dividing a computer network into smaller subnetworks (segments) to improve security and performance. Segmentation limits the lateral movement of attackers by isolating sensitive system...

A networking device that connects devices within the same network and forwards data based on MAC addresses. Switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and provide dedicated ban...

The arrangement of nodes and connections in a computer network. Common topologies include star (all nodes connect to a central hub), mesh (every node connects to every other), ring, bus, and tree. The...

An automated machine learning technique that uses algorithms to discover optimal neural network architectures for a given task. NAS explores the design space of layer types, connections, and hyperpara...

A computing system inspired by the biological neural networks of the human brain. Neural networks consist of layers of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process information using weighted connection...