Glossary: Letter C

A highly scalable, distributed NoSQL database designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers with no single point of failure. Originally developed at Facebook, Cassandra provid...

A prompting technique that encourages language models to break down complex reasoning into intermediate steps before arriving at a final answer. Chain-of-thought prompting significantly improves perfo...

The discipline of experimenting on a system to build confidence in its ability to withstand turbulent conditions in production. By intentionally injecting failures (network latency, server crashes, re...

An AI-powered software application designed to simulate conversation with human users through text or voice interfaces. Modern chatbots leverage large language models to understand context, maintain c...

A configuration management tool that uses Ruby-based DSL "recipes" and "cookbooks" to automate infrastructure provisioning and application deployment. Chef follows a client-server model where nodes pu...

GoPro CineForm: a wavelet-based video codec designed for high-quality intermediate editing. Supports 4K, HDR, and 3D video.

The native file format of Maxon Cinema 4D, a professional 3D modeling, animation, and rendering application widely used in motion graphics, visual effects, and broadcast design.

A cloud-based continuous integration and delivery platform that automates the build, test, and deployment process. CircleCI supports Docker-based builds, parallelism, caching, and integrates with GitH...

An OGC standard for the representation and exchange of 3D city models. Used in urban planning, simulation, and smart city applications.

Java Class File: compiled Java bytecode executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Generated from .java source files by the javac compiler.

A modern, dynamic, functional dialect of Lisp that runs on the JVM. Clojure emphasizes immutability, persistent data structures, and concurrency through software transactional memory, and is used in d...

An AWS Infrastructure as Code service that lets users model and provision cloud resources using JSON or YAML templates. CloudFormation manages resource dependencies, supports stack updates and rollbac...

An unsupervised learning technique that groups similar data points together based on their features without predefined labels. Common algorithms include K-Means, DBSCAN, and hierarchical clustering, u...

A technique that breaks a JavaScript application into smaller chunks that are loaded on demand rather than in a single large bundle. Code splitting improves initial page load time by deferring the loa...

A language that compiles to JavaScript, offering a cleaner, Python-inspired syntax. It influenced many features later adopted in ES6+.

A dependency management tool for PHP that allows developers to declare libraries their project depends on and manages (install/update) them. Composer uses a composer.json file and installs packages fr...

A primary key composed of two or more columns that together uniquely identify a row in a database table. Composite keys are commonly used in junction tables for many-to-many relationships, where neith...

A field of artificial intelligence that enables computers to interpret and understand visual information from the world, such as images and videos, by extracting meaningful data using deep learning al...

A cache of database connections maintained so that connections can be reused rather than created and destroyed for each request. Connection pooling reduces the overhead of establishing connections and...

An AI training approach developed by Anthropic where the model is guided by a set of principles (a "constitution") to self-critique and revise its outputs. Constitutional AI reduces the need for human...