Web Development

A web standard that enables encapsulation of DOM subtrees and CSS styles within a component, preventing style leakage and naming collisions. Shadow DOM is a key building block of Web Components and en...

A web application that loads a single HTML page and dynamically updates content as the user interacts, without full page reloads. SPAs use JavaScript frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js to handl...

An XML file that lists all important pages of a website, providing search engines with a structured map for crawling and indexing. Sitemaps include metadata like last modification date, change frequen...

A URL-friendly version of a string, typically derived from a page title or resource name. Slugs contain only lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens, making URLs readable and SEO-friendly (e.g., "my-b...

A tool that generates a complete static HTML website from templates, content files, and data at build time. Static site generators like Hugo, Jekyll, and Astro produce fast, secure websites that can b...

A utility-first CSS framework that provides low-level utility classes for building custom designs directly in HTML. Unlike component-based frameworks like Bootstrap, Tailwind encourages composing styl...

A dead code elimination technique used by JavaScript bundlers to remove unused exports from the final bundle. Tree shaking analyzes ES module import/export statements to determine which code is actual...

A lightweight in-memory representation of the real DOM used by frameworks like React to optimize UI rendering. Changes are first applied to the virtual DOM, then diffed against the real DOM, and only...

A modern front-end build tool that provides a fast development server with Hot Module Replacement (HMR) and an optimized production build using Rollup. Vite is the default asset bundler for Laravel 10...

A progressive JavaScript framework for building user interfaces. Vue.js features a reactive data binding system, a component-based architecture, and an incrementally adoptable ecosystem that scales fr...

A set of web platform APIs that allow developers to create reusable, encapsulated custom HTML elements. Web Components consist of Custom Elements, Shadow DOM, and HTML Templates, enabling framework-ag...

A set of metrics defined by Google that measure real-world user experience on the web. Core Web Vitals include Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) for loading performance, Interaction to Next Paint (INP) f...

A binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine. WebAssembly enables high-performance code execution in web browsers at near-native speed, allowing languages like C++, Rust, and Go to ru...

A communication protocol that provides full-duplex, bidirectional communication channels over a single TCP connection. WebSockets enable real-time data transfer between client and server, used in chat...

An HTTP callback that delivers real-time data to other applications when specific events occur. Unlike APIs where you poll for data, webhooks push data to your endpoint automatically, enabling event-d...

A static module bundler for JavaScript applications that processes and bundles JavaScript files, CSS, images, and other assets into optimized output files. Webpack analyzes dependency graphs to determ...

YAML Ain't Markup Language: a human-readable data serialization format commonly used for configuration files in DevOps tools (Docker Compose, Kubernetes, Ansible, GitHub Actions). YAML uses indentatio...

Internationalization: the process of designing software so it can be adapted to various languages and regions without engineering changes. The abbreviation comes from the 18 letters between the "i" an...