Databases

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability: a set of properties that guarantee database transactions are processed reliably. ACID compliance ensures that data remains accurate and consistent even i...

A highly scalable, distributed NoSQL database designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers with no single point of failure. Originally developed at Facebook, Cassandra provid...

A primary key composed of two or more columns that together uniquely identify a row in a database table. Composite keys are commonly used in junction tables for many-to-many relationships, where neith...

A cache of database connections maintained so that connections can be reused rather than created and destroyed for each request. Connection pooling reduces the overhead of establishing connections and...

An open-source NoSQL document database that uses JSON to store data, JavaScript for queries, and HTTP for its API. CouchDB is designed for reliable, eventual consistency replication between databases,...

A centralized storage repository that holds vast amounts of raw data in its native format until needed for analysis. Unlike data warehouses that store structured data, data lakes can store structured,...

A centralized repository that stores large volumes of structured data from multiple sources, optimized for analytical queries and reporting. Data warehouses use schemas like star and snowflake to orga...

A database object that enables traversal over the rows of a result set one at a time, rather than fetching all rows at once. Cursors are used for row-by-row processing in stored procedures, and in app...

A situation where two or more database transactions are waiting for each other to release locks, creating a circular dependency that prevents any of them from proceeding. Database engines detect deadl...

A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional storage space and slower write operations. Indexes are typically implemented using B...

A version-controlled, incremental change to a database schema that can be applied or rolled back. Migrations enable teams to evolve the database structure alongside application code, ensuring consiste...

The process of organizing a relational database to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. Normalization involves structuring tables according to normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF) to elimi...

The technique of dividing a large database table into smaller, more manageable pieces (partitions) while still treating them as a single logical table. Partitioning strategies include range, list, has...

The process of copying and maintaining database data across multiple servers to ensure consistency, high availability, and disaster recovery. Common strategies include master-slave replication, master...

The formal structure that defines how data is organized in a database, including tables, columns, data types, relationships, constraints, and indexes. A schema serves as a blueprint for the database a...

A horizontal scaling strategy that distributes data across multiple database instances (shards), each holding a subset of the total data. Sharding improves performance and capacity by allowing paralle...

A sequence of one or more database operations treated as a single unit of work. A transaction either completes entirely (commit) or is fully rolled back (rollback) if any operation fails, ensuring dat...

A set of SQL statements that automatically executes in response to specific events on a table, such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations. Triggers enforce business rules, maintain audit trails, and...

A virtual table based on the result set of a stored SQL query. Views simplify complex queries, provide a layer of abstraction over underlying tables, and can enforce security by restricting access to...

A fully managed NoSQL key-value and document database service by AWS that provides single-digit millisecond performance at any scale. DynamoDB offers automatic scaling, built-in security, backup and r...